Thursday, 18 June 2009

Class A amp LTspice Model

Class A Amplifier from Experimental Methods in RF Design (EMRFD) Fig. 2.29.

I found a way in LTspice that you can simulate several signal drive levels to give various output waveforms.

Here the graphic shows at 20mV AC drive a nice sinusoidal O/P on the collector. As we increase the drive level the transistor goes into saturation and the output wave form appears clipped as the collector voltage appoaches the Voltage supply at 10V and thus the causing the collector curent to drop to zero. At the exteme input drive level the collector has dropped below the base voltage and the transistor is shown saturated for the bottom part of the curve.

It was nice to model an amplifier this way to show the effect of non-linearity behavior. The Spice models shown are similiar to the curves shown in EMRFD Fig2.30.


The spice model includes a Spice directive that basically switches in each voltage source given by the .param and .step function. The B1 symbol is an arbitary behavioural voltage source symbol and not a voltage source symbol which caught me out.

Wednesday, 17 June 2009

WSPR

WSPR - Pronounced whisper stands for Weak signal propogation network.

WSPR is basically a propogation network of low power Beacons operated by hams all over the world.

I tried it out for the first time tonight
after seeing a posting on a Web page on how easy it was to set-up. As I already had an interface box to connect up my Icom IC-735 to the PC for PSK31 I thought I would give it a try. The software to run WSPR can be found here on K1JT's Website.
After downloading it, you need to configure the Setup - option page at the top of the program. Details can be found on the WSPR program Help page. Next You need to ensure that your computer is correct to within 1 sec for the program to decode the incoming received signals. On Windows XP that is done by clicking the time at the bottom of the desktop and selecting adjust/date time. In the Date and Time properties box click the Internet time tab and then press update to synchronise the clock to one of the universal time standard servers.

The radio receive frequency has to be manually set to the default frequency shown on the WSPR program as there is no CAT control to the transceiver. To select the Transmit frequency just double click on the water fall display, I usaully set the T/R cycle to 20%. Just this evening alone I received a report from VK wow!!. My transmit power was only 1 Watt into a 102ft Doublet 30ft high.

My tribulations in connecting my Laptop upto the Transceiver is another story, and hopefully will document in a further blog entry.

G4ILO has written a very good write up and tutorial on operating WSPR.

This is my signal received by other stations.

TimestampCallMHzSNRDriftGridPwrReporterRGridkmaz
2009-06-17 23:20 G0BON 14.097089 -24 -1 IO91qm 1 VK8CH PH57 13894 63
2009-06-17 23:20 G0BON 14.097088 -22 -1 IO91qm 1 DH5RAE JN68pv 1031 101
2009-06-17 23:20 G0BON 14.097091 -26 -1 IO91qm 1 K3SIW EN52ta 6357 298
2009-06-17 22:50 G0BON 14.097088 -19 -1 IO91qm 1 VK8CH PH57 13894 63
2009-06-17 22:50 G0BON 14.097085 -24 -1 IO91qm 1 DH5RAE JN68pv 1031 101
2009-06-17 22:22 G0BON 10.140241 -24 -1 IO91qm 1 RA1AMO KO59cw 2119 52
2009-06-17 22:16 G0BON 10.140242 -28 -1 IO91qm 1 RA1AMO KO59cw 2119 52
2009-06-17 21:52 G0BON 10.140237 -27 -1 IO91qm 1 RA1AMO KO59cw 2119 52
2009-06-17 21:10 G0BON 10.140206 -26 -1 IO91 5 W3CSW FM19kd 5827 288

This is my report to other stations

TimestampCallMHzSNRDriftGridPwrReporterRGridkmaz
2009-06-17 23:00 DL8BB 14.097060 -10 0 JO41ul 5 G0BON IO91qm 715 274
2009-06-17 22:56 AI4RY 14.097119 -20 1 EM72go 5 G0BON IO91qm 6897 45
2009-06-17 22:54 K3SIW 14.097198 -10 0 EN52ta 1 G0BON IO91qm 6357 48
2009-06-17 22:54 WB4KLJ 14.097182 -25 0 FM18ku 2 G0BON IO91qm 5874 49
2009-06-17 22:43 K3SIW 14.097197 -14 0 EN52ta 1 G0BON IO91qm 6357 48
2009-06-17 22:43 WB4KLJ 14.097181 -24 0 FM18ku 2 G0BON IO91qm 5874 49
2009-06-17 22:41 UT7UA 14.097181 0 0 KO50ji 5 G0BON IO91qm 2188 286
2009-06-17 22:35 UT7UA 14.097182 0 0 KO50ji 5 G0BON IO91qm 2188 286
2009-06-17 22:35 AI4RY 14.097121 -20 1 EM72go 5 G0BON IO91qm 6897 45
2009-06-17 22:35 DF6MK 14.097105 -9 -1 JN68ik 5 G0BON IO91qm 1011 295
2009-06-17 22:33 W3PM 14.097158 -20 0 EM64or 5 G0BON IO91qm 6817 45
2009-06-17 22:25 IQ4DJ 14.097085 -9 0 JN54ks 0.05 G0BON IO91qm 1134 316
2009-06-17 22:02 G8IHT 10.140122 -19 -2 IO94gi 10 G0BON IO91qm 320 170
2009-06-17 22:00 IQ4DJ 10.140186 +5 0 JN54ks 1 G0BON IO91qm 1134 316
2009-06-17 21:58 IQ4DJ 10.140187 -4 0 JN54ks 0.05 G0BON IO91qm 1134 316
2009-06-17 21:56 IQ4DJ 10.140188 +6 0 JN54ks 1 G0BON IO91qm 1134 316
2009-06-17 21:54 OE1IFM 10.140273 -9 -1 JN88df 1 G0BON IO91qm 1263 293
2009-06-17 21:54 IQ4DJ 10.140188 -3 -1 JN54ks 0.05 G0BON IO91qm 1134 316
2009-06-17 21:38 OE1IFM 10.140166 -6 0 JN88df 1 G0BON IO91qm 1263 293
2009-06-17 21:18 IQ4DJ 10.140206 -15 -1 JN54ks 0.05 G0BON IO91qm 1134 316
2009-06-17 21:16 IQ4DJ 10.140207 -4 0 JN54ks 1 G0BON IO91qm 1134 316
2009-06-17 21:16 G7NKS 10.140137 -22 -1 IO92ub 10 G0BON IO91qm 64 201
2009-06-17 21:14 IQ4DJ 10.140208 -14 0 JN54ks 0.05 G0BON IO91qm 1134 316
2009-06-17 21:12 IV3DXW 10.140265 +1 -1 JN65qq 2 G0BON IO91qm 1214 307
2009-06-17 21:12 IQ4DJ 10.140210 -6 -1 JN54ks 1 G0BON IO91qm 1134 316
2009-06-17 21:12 G3NIC 10.140199 -23 -1 IO93rg 5 G0BON IO91qm 195 182